清迈空气质量:读懂PM2.5、AQI和口罩
打开手机上的Air4Thai,看颜色。AQI 100等于泰国PM2.5标准37.5微克。从橙色也就是101起,每次出门都要戴PM2.5口罩。红色即201以上,停止户外活动;非出门不可就戴上口罩。
阅读英文版 (Read this guide in English)
查Air4Thai,看颜色,AQI超过100就当作空气已污染:100是泰国标准值。这个指数分五级,从0到25的浅蓝色,一直到200以上的红色。
泰国AQI的五个等级
用污染控制厅的指数,它给每种颜色都定好了建议。
- 浅蓝色,AQI 0–25,很好: 所有人都可以正常生活。
- 绿色,AQI 26–50,好: 户外活动照常。高风险人群要留意频繁咳嗽、气短、胸痛或头晕。
- 黄色,AQI 51–100,中等: 普通公众减少剧烈户外活动或锻炼的时间。高风险人群每次出门都戴PM2.5口罩,减少剧烈活动,出现症状尽快就医。
- 橙色,AQI 101–200,开始影响健康: 所有人每次外出都戴PM2.5口罩,并限制剧烈户外活动。留意咳嗽、呼吸困难和眼睛不适。
- 红色,AQI 201及以上,影响健康: 所有人停止户外活动。必须外出的人每次都要做好防护,比如戴PM2.5口罩。
高风险人群是60岁以上老人、5岁及以下幼儿、孕妇,以及患有心脏、血管或呼吸系统疾病的人。橙色时,他们应避开剧烈户外活动,遵医嘱,出现症状尽快就医。红色时,有基础病的人应待在远离污染的安全区域,备好药物和设备。

想看每种颜色对应的PM2.5数值:浅蓝色是0到15.0,绿色是15.1到25.0,黄色是25.1到37.5,橙色是37.6到75.0,红色是75.1及以上。
在哪里看这些数字
用Air4Thai网站air4thai.pcd.go.th,或用它的App。

它的数据里有两个清迈市区站点:Chang Phueak的City Hall和Si Phum的Yupparaj Wittayalai School。选离你居住或住宿地点更近的那个。
有两个细节会让你误读数字。这个指数取六种污染物分指数中最高的一个,PM2.5只是六项之一。而且PM2.5是以连续24小时平均值计入的,所以你现在看到的数字可能落后于你闻到的空气。
泰国AQI与美国标准
手机App显示的颜色和Air4Thai不一样,原因就在标准。IQAir的AirVisual用的是美国EPA标准,IQAir自己也说世界各地的AQI计算方法不同。Air4Thai遵循的是上文说的泰国指数。
所以要比微克数,不要比颜色名称。美国标准把9.1到35.4的PM2.5算作“中等”,而泰国表上15.1到25.0已经是绿色的“好”。同样的空气,用美国标准的App显示的颜色会比Air4Thai更差。
选择和佩戴口罩
泰国指数只要求戴“PM2.5口罩”,没指定等级,所以选口罩时参照美国EPA的建议。N95防护口罩按厂家说明佩戴并尽量减少缝隙,能显著减少烟雾颗粒的暴露。
- 选美国NIOSH机构认证的防护口罩,上面印有“NIOSH”以及“N95”或“P100”。
- 选带两根绕头头带的。
- 不要选只有一根带子或两根耳挂的口罩。它们不是为紧密贴合设计的,无法保护肺部免受烟雾。
- 不要靠防尘口罩或头巾。
- 口罩贴着面部的地方要刮干净胡子,有胡须就无法贴合。
- 呼吸变得费力或口罩变脏时就扔掉。
有心脏或肺部问题的人以及孕妇,使用防护口罩前应咨询医生。2岁以下儿童不应佩戴。2岁及以上可以戴,但NIOSH认证的防护口罩没有幼儿尺寸。5岁及以下的儿童属于高风险人群,待在家里、用一间洁净空气房间是更稳妥的做法。
在清迈去哪里买口罩
没有官方店铺名单。HomePro这类大型五金店卖的包装标着N95和KN95,但那是商家的产品名。真正的标准是口罩上印着“NIOSH”加N95或P100,所以付钱前先看包装。其他店铺看药店指南。
保持室内空气清洁
雾霾天,EPA对家中的建议归结为这几点。
- 待在室内,关好门窗。
- 用一台功率适合房间、臭氧产生很少或不产生的移动空气净化器。在清迈选空气净化器讲了怎么选尺寸。
- 布置一间洁净空气房间,大到全家人都舒适,里面放一台移动空气净化器。
- 不要点蜡烛、烧香,不要用燃气、丙烷或烧木柴的炉子、壁炉和喷雾剂。
- 不要吸烟或电子烟,不要用吸尘器,除非它有HEPA滤网。
- 尽量不用炉灶或烤箱做饭,尤其是大火或长时间烹饪。
- 在车里关上车窗,把空调开到内循环。
- 备足够吃几天的食物和药物。
- 空气质量好转时给家里通风。
家里放一个空气传感器,能帮你看哪些措施有效。
如果身体不适
橙色时,有症状的人应尽快就医;红色时,任何有异常症状的人都应尽快就医。医疗急救请拨1669。
去医院的话,可以去玛哈拉杰那空清迈医院 (Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital),地址是 110 Inthawarorot Rd., Sri Phum, Mueang Chiang Mai 50200。急诊室每天24小时开放,一周7天。
电话 053 936 150


110 Intrawarorot Rd, Si Phum, Mueang Chiang Mai District, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand · 在 Google 地图中打开 (在新标签页中打开)
更全面的季节指南包含具体时间和“走还是留”的问题,见清迈烧山季。
图片 (2)
- NICHY PRADA
- Suthep Prombuddha
英文指南中的图表
图表中的文字为英文。
步骤
- 打开Air4Thai用air4thai.pcd.go.th或Air4Thai App。
- 选一个清迈的监测站数据里列有Chang Phueak的City Hall和Si Phum的Yupparaj Wittayalai School。
- 按颜色对照建议橙色时,每次出门都戴PM2.5口罩。红色时,停止户外活动。
- 戴好防护口罩选经NIOSH认证的N95或P100,带两根头带,贴合紧密。
- 净化室内空气待在室内,关好门窗,用一台适合房间大小的移动空气净化器。
- 有症状就就医橙色或红色时出现症状,尽快去看医生。
未确认: 清迈卖的口罩是否有EPA要求的NIOSH标识,尚不清楚。HomePro标的是N95或KN95,但没有这个标识,所以买前要看包装。
常见问题
清迈AQI多少算不健康?
按泰国指数,AQI 100等于标准值。101起是橙色,指数称此时开始影响健康。201起是红色。
泰国的PM2.5限值是多少?
24小时限值是37.5微克每立方米。年均限值是15。
在哪里看官方数据?
Air4Thai,网址air4thai.pcd.go.th,或用它的App。它的数据里列出Chang Phueak的City Hall和Si Phum的Yupparaj Wittayalai School两个站。
橙色时要戴口罩吗?
橙色时,指数要求普通公众每次出门都戴PM2.5口罩。黄色时,它要求的是高风险人群。
EPA推荐哪种口罩?
经NIOSH认证的颗粒物防护口罩,标有N95或P100,带两根绕头的头带。
防尘口罩或头巾能防护吗?
不要靠防尘口罩或头巾来防烟。
儿童能戴防护口罩吗?
2岁以下儿童不应佩戴。NIOSH认证的防护口罩没有适合幼儿的尺寸。
泰国AQI和美国AQI一样吗?
两者的PM2.5区间不同。PM2.5在9.1到35.4之间,美国算“中等”;泰国表上25.1到37.5是黄色。
我的App用的是哪个标准?
IQAir用的是美国EPA标准。Air4Thai是污染控制厅的网站,显示的是泰国指数。
更多中文指南
本文是依据上述来源核实的一般信息,不构成针对你个人情况的法律意见。价格、规定和营业时间可能变化,请到现场再确认一次。指南的核实方式见: How we check (英文)。
发现错误? 请告知编辑。
评论 (8)
Op1yum
Is my burning throat because of PM2.5/10? I moved here from Phuket in September. I haven’t purchased an air purifier yet I didn’t think I would need one till February or March. Is the air why my throat has been burning since last week. My sinuses too are acting up, burning eyes and I’m getting headaches at night. I thought I was getting sick but it just not going away. I just dawned on me it could be the air… PM2.5 was under 16 today.
4 条回复
Key_Economics2183
Most probably, my son and I have been sick recently too with similar symptoms. PM 2.5 of 16 is AQI 64 which doesn't bother me, I start feeling it at 70's and put on purifier at 80. Many people aren't as sensitive under 100 and will claim everyone isn't but they still are likely going to have long term affects by not protecting themselves adequately. How are you measuring the PM 2.5? The apps are great (AirVisual) but as they show where the sensor is, not you or your home, localized burning can make your exact location much worse in reality. As for you using a/c, I recommend checking your a/c filter and cleaning if necessary, you might be surprised and maybe grossed out by how dirty it is. Not sure where you are but the rice fields are being harvested now and the stubble is starting to be burnt off so could get much worse in the coming weeks but often it then clears a bit until February when it starts getting unlivable but around Christmas time during the last few years the air has been bordering on AQI 100 so a good N95 mask is a good idea to use when necessary.
i-love-freesias
IKEA makes a really good, affordable air quality monitor, which helps me know what the air quality is inside my condo. It also monitors VOC.
Key_Economics2183
Good locally made one too and of course Xiamoi whose purifiers I use
HomicidalChimpanzee
If you came from a relatively clean air situation in Phuket with onshore breezes, you might just be experiencing the huge difference between that environment and this one. CM barely gets any wind, being in a basin. Are you in the busy city part of CM? There is simply a lot of car and motorbike exhaust swirling in the air all the time, even if the official PM2.5 numbers are low and indicate clean air. You can think of that as "PM2.5" or think of it simply as smog.
SettingIntentions
What is going on with the pollution in the North? It’s May 7th and Aqi well over 150+? I don’t mean to make another “burning season and pollution” post. Moreso I’d like to draw attention to the fact that it is MAY 7TH and Aqi is still awful in the North. Chiang rai - 160 Chiang mai - 177 Mae hong son - 191 In my experience and from what I’ve heard Songkran is usually the turn around point, and by May things should improve greatly. I don’t remember May ever being THIS bad as we approach the second week. It feels more like we are in mid March in peak burning season with no sign of stop than nearly the second week of May. Uhh.. what? What’s going on here? And why don’t Thai people protest this awful air quality? It seems like everyone is complacent with the short and long term effects. It also seems to have gotten WORSE as we move into May. My girlfriend suggested that a burning ban may have been lifted on May 1st. Furthermore, there have been pockets of rain here or there, but unlike the past, it has had almost 0 effect on AQI. This is a very confusing and brutal year and I have lost a lot of respect and love for Northern Thailand.
Dear-Fox-5194
2019 and 2016 were brutal. Compared to them the past few years have been pretty mild. 2019 especially was bad , standing in front of a big hotel you could only see about 5 floors high on some days.
查看全部 8 条评论
1990sevan
Just a word of caution about personal air quality monitors: the quality of data they generate is all over the place. Do some research before you buy.